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Metolius Springs
Metolius Springs are located just north of Black Butte near the small unincorporated town of Camp Sherman in central Oregon, United States. The springs are the source of the Metolius River, which flows through the Deschutes National Forest emptying into Lake Billy Chinook. The flow from Metolius Springs is sufficient to create a full-flowing river, making the Metolius River one of the largest spring-fed rivers in the United States.
== Source ==
The source of the springs is unknown, but there is evidence that it comes from a large drainage basin near Black Butte Ranch, several miles south of Black Butte. The elevation of the Black Butte Ranch drainage basin is above that of the springs which would allow a natural flow of water under Black Butte to the Metolius headwaters.〔Peterson, N.V. and E.A. Groh, ("Geology and Origin of the Metolius Springs" ), ''The Ore Bin'', Volume 34, No. 3, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, State of Oregon, Portland, Oregon, March 1972.〕
The springs were probably created about one and a half million years ago when Black Butte erupted blocking a north-flowing river. With the newly formed butte blocking the natural channel, water backed up south of the mountain creating a swampy meadow area. Over time, the water seeps through porous rocks under the butte and now emerges on the north side of Black Butte at Metolius Springs.〔〔Staats, Scott, ("Metolius River: Great Hiking And Fishing" ), ''Bend Weekly'', Bend, Oregon, 29 June 2006.〕
There are two groups of springs about apart that create the headwaters of the Metolius River. Springwater gushes from its underground source at a rate of 50,000 gallons per minute. This makes the Metolius one of the largest spring-fed rivers in the country. The water temperature at the springs is .〔
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